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Virtual billboards: the future of immersive advertising?
With the deployment of immersive technologies poised to become the norm, the implementation of infrastructure for "virtual billboards", and the "property digital rights" which they demand, is demonstrating a lucrative gap in the market and huge growth potential.
Read moreAI technology projects – the regulatory landscape
Parties engaged in AI technology projects should be mindful of the regulatory landscape, and the changes taking place within it. A failure to do so could result in an AI solution that is not compliant from a regulatory perspective, the use of which potentially creates risk for the technology provider and user.
Read moreNew Digital Regulators on the 2023 Horizon: the Digital Markets Unit and the European Centre for Algorithmic Transparency
For a number of years, the UK Government has been laying the groundwork to bring in a digital markets regime to regulate digital firms designated as having ‘strategic market status’ (SMS). To be designated as having SMS, a firm must have 'substantial and entrenched market power' in at least one activity. Companies having SMS are likely to include the largest tech firms such as Amazon, Apple, Google, Microsoft and Meta (the so called 'GAMMA' firms).
Read moreDigital services providers—Commission to focus on implementation phase of EU consumer protection legislation
The Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA) are published in the Official Journal and the plenary vote of the European Parliament on the proposed text of the AI Act is expected once amendments are agreed by negotiators. The Commission is now turning its focus to the implementation phase of these landmark regimes. So, what does the future hold for the European tech sector and how might it differ for the UK?
Read moreThe EU Digital Markets Act - a focus on gatekeeper obligations and sanctions
What key obligations will the Digital Markets Act (DMA) impose on online platforms designated as gatekeepers?
Read moreParliamentary 'wash up' – which Bills made it through?
On 22 May 2024, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced that a General Election will take place on 4 July 2024. Parliament was then prorogued on 24 May 2024 which allowed a mere 2 days for 'wash up' - the process by which outstanding bills may be rushed through the parliamentary process.
Read moreOfcom's 'Roadmap to Regulation' underway with its consultation on illegal harms duties under the Online Safety Act
In November, Ofcom, as new online safety regulator, published the first of four major consultations under the Online Safety Act ("OSA"), which sets out its proposals for how "user-to-user" ("U2U") services (essentially any online website or app that allows users to interact with each other) and online search services (i.e. Google, Bing and similar) should approach their illegal content duties under the new legislation. The consultation provides guidance in a number of areas including governance, content moderation, reporting and complaints mechanisms, terms of service, supporting child users, and user empowerment.
Read moreThe Online Safety Bill is set to become law
The Online Safety Bill will shortly become law in the UK as soon as it receives Royal Assent. The legislation will introduce a new regulatory regime for online platforms and search engines which target the UK, imposing wide-ranging obligations on in-scope services with serious consequences for non-compliance.
Read moreThe Online Safety Bill and the risk of unintended consequences
The Online Safety Bill was reintroduced to Parliament late last year, with new amendments receiving scrutiny in the House of Commons in December, before the bill entered the House of Lords in January. The bill continues to evolve, most notably with the government removing the requirement for user-to-user platforms and search engines to prevent adult users from encountering "legal but harmful" content, instead requiring online platforms to provide users with enhanced content controls (i.e., choice as to what content is seen), and imposing further obligations around transparency and enforcement of online platforms' terms and conditions. "Legal but harmful" obligations remain in place for under 18s. The government has recently agreed to introduce criminal sanctions for senior managers who fail to take proportionate measures to protect children from potentially harmful content.
Read moreThe November 2023 AI safety summit and the UK's direction of travel
The government has confirmed that the UK AI safety summit will be held at Bletchley Park on 1 and 2 November 2023.
Read moreTelecoms supply agreement excludes "loss of profit" claim under "anticipated profits" liability exclusion (EE v Virgin Mobile)
In line with a number of recent cases, in EE Limited v Virgin Mobile Telecoms Limited [2023] EWHC 1989 (TCC) the courts have shown that parties generally cannot avoid clear wording contained in exclusion clauses in order to recover losses that have been expressly excluded (in this case, loss of profits).
Read moreRolls-Royce entitled to hit the brakes in dispute over termination of a software services agreement (Topalsson v Rolls-Royce)
In Topalsson GmbH v Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Limited [2023] EWHC 1765 (TCC), the High Court has provided useful guidance on how to determine whether a software implementation timeline agreed by the parties is binding, when implementation is considered complete and in what circumstances failing to complete implementation by the contractual deadlines entitles the customer to terminate the contract.
Read moreA narrow escape – software services provider entitled to rely on single aggregate liability cap (Drax v Wipro)
When it comes to bespoke software development projects, a lot can go wrong. There's risk for the customer such as project delays, software defects, functionality issues and a lack of meeting of minds in terms of project requirements.
Read moreNew developments in AI may put law firms at greater risk of phishing fraud
As the computing power of Artificial Intelligence continues to grow exponentially, we consider how generative technology may expand the reach of traditional phishing frauds aimed at law firms.
Read moreChanges to the One Stop Shop
In July 2023 the European Commission issued a Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down additional procedural rules relating to the enforcement of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (the 'GDPR' Regulations).
Read moreUK Government wants understanding of video games to move to the next level
On 30 May 2023, the UK Government published a Video Games Research Framework which encourages research on video games and emerging game-related technologies.
Read moreRPC Law x Web3: Gambling regulations – Don't Play Games of Chance with the Law
This is part of a series of RPC x Web3 articles designed to help Web3 participants and enthusiasts understand their rights in this rapidly evolving space.
Read moreCMA ends its investigation into online console gaming subscription practices
The UK Competition Markets Authority (CMA) has now closed its investigation into subscription practices in the online console gaming sector after key players Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft committed to making improvements to their contract terms with a view to better protecting customers.
Read moreThe High Court continues interim anti-harassment injunction
At a return date hearing on 12 July 2024, Aidan Eardley KC (sitting as a Deputy High Court Judge) continued until trial or further order an anti-harassment injunction granted to prevent the Defendant from, amongst other things, approaching or contacting the Claimant.
Read moreThe Supreme Court clarifies the law on the recovery of damages for non-pecuniary damage arising out of a maliciously false statement
The Claimant was an employee of the second defendant, LCA, a recruitment agency owned and operated by the first defendant. After leaving LCA, the Claimant was employed by another recruitment agency and began targeting LCA's clients. LCA's owner told two third parties, one of whom was the Claimant’s new line manager and the other a client of LCA, that by doing this the Claimant was in breach of her contract of employment with LCA. In fact, there was no term of that contract (as the owner of LCA knew) which prohibited the claimant from soliciting business from LCA’s clients.
Read moreThe right to know who has your personal data (RW v Österreichische Post AG (C-154/21))
In RW v Österreichische Post AG (C-154/21), the European Court of Justice ("ECJ") has provided clarification on the right of access to personal data and information relating to the processing of such data under Article 15(1) of the GDPR.
Read moreThe Model Anti-SLAPP Law: an overview
Following the Government's response to the SLAPP consultation in the summer, the UK Anti-SLAPP coalition (a working group that includes English PEN, the Foreign Policy Centre and Index on Censorship, "the Coalition") has this week published a model Anti-SLAPP law, which has been endorsed by a collection of free speech and anti-corruption organisations, journalists, editors and lawyers.
Read moreInterim injunctions and competing public interests (Attorney General v BBC)
In Her Majesty's Attorney General for England and Wales v British Broadcasting Corporation [2022] EWHC 826 (QB), an interim injunction has been granted in favour of the Attorney General (AG) to restrain the BBC from broadcasting the identity and image of an alleged covert human intelligence source for MI5 (known only as ‘X’) who is accused of being abusive to two former partners and using his position with MI5 to terrorise and control one of the women. The injunction was granted on the basis that, while it "represented a very significant interference with the right of the BBC to freedom of expression and the correlative right of the public to receive the information the BBC wishes to publish" [23], such a measure was necessary in order to prevent a real and immediate risk to X’s life or safety, as well as the potential wider impact of publication on national security.
Read moreW&I insurance: Key lessons from recent case law
Recent case law has highlighted the importance of understanding how a buyer on a share or asset sale has valued the target business and the clear drafting of exclusions. This blog considers the key takeaways for both warranty and indemnity (W&I) insurers and insureds.
Read moreFinal UK listing rules: modified transfer process for issuers in transition category
On 11 July 2024, the FCA published the final UK Listing Rules (UKLR) which came into effect on 29 July 2024 (Implementation Date). The UKLR are broadly in line with the FCA's previous proposals.
Read moreUK government updates NSIA market guidance and statement on call-in powers
Recent developments such as the removal of Huawei from the UK's 5G networks and President Biden's 2023 executive order on outbound investment in sensitive technologies have brought into focus potential national security risks arising from global trade and investment.
Read moreUK listing regime reforms: impact on standard listed issuers
Following the FCA's May 2023 consultation on major reforms to streamline and enhance the UK listing regime and its December 2023 publication of detailed proposals, the FCA has now published a consolidated draft UK Listing Rules instrument (UKLR) to replace the current Listing Rules, together with proposed changes to its guidance.
Read moreReversal of recent changes to the Financial Promotions Order
A number of the provisions of the Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 came into force on 4 March 2024. This Act is intended to give UK Companies House greater powers to prevent UK companies from being used for economic crimes.
Read moreProvisions of Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 now in force
A number of the provisions of the Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 came into force on 4 March 2024. This Act is intended to give UK Companies House greater powers to prevent UK companies from being used for economic crimes.
Read moreSpring Budget 2024 – Main tax announcements
This blog discusses some of the key tax changes announced in last week's Spring Budget.
Read moreThinking of marketing a sale of unlisted shares?… There have been some changes to the Financial Promotions Order you need to know about
On 31 January 2024, changes made to the high net worth individual and self-certified sophisticated investor exemptions contained in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotions) Order 2005 ("FPO") came into effect.
Read moreWhat do your corporate governance leads need to know about tackling greenwashing?
The Chartered Governance Institute UK & Ireland (CGI) has published a helpful report, "Tackling greenwashing from a governance perspective", to assist corporate governance professionals in ensuring organisations are compliant with new expectations.
Read moreEconomic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act – what you need to know about the corporate transparency reforms
The Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act, which received Royal Assent on 26 October 2023, overhauls the role of Companies House and the corporate transparency obligations of UK companies.
Read moreUS to prohibit outbound investment in certain advanced technologies – a massive expansion of national security laws
On 9 August 2023, President Biden declared a US national emergency in relation to the national security threat posed by certain advanced technologies and issued an Executive Order directing that investment by US persons in such technologies be subject to prior notification or outright prohibition.
Read moreFinsbury Food v AXIS: what are the key takeaways for warranty and indemnity insurers and policyholders?
The Commercial Court recently handed down its judgment in the case of Finsbury Food Group Plc v AXIS Corporate Capital UK Ltd & Ors [2023] EWHC 1559 (Comm). This is the first time the court has considered a claim under a W&I insurance policy, and provides a helpful example of how key concepts, such as material adverse change and valuation, are considered by the court.
Read more10 Practical Tips for Navigating the W&I Underwriting Process
Warranty and indemnity (W&I) insurance provides cover for losses arising from a breach of warranty, or a tax deed claim, in connection with a merger or acquisition (M&A) transaction. The use of W&I insurance offers significant advantages (such as allowing the seller to make a clean exit, and helping to maintain the relationship between the parties), and as such, is becoming an increasingly common feature of M&A transactions.
Read moreAutomatic conversion of shares held invalid
The High Court has interpreted that a right for preferred shares to be converted to ordinary shares is subject to class right approval by the preferred shareholders.
Read moreTake notice: the importance of complying with formal notification requirements
A recent judgment of the High Court has highlighted the potential hurdles thrown up by notification clauses in share purchase agreements.
Read moreSustainability-Linked Bonds
The ESG finance market continues to develop and grow as interest and demand for environmentally and socially conscious investments becomes more and more important to investors around the world.
Read moreProposed removal of requirement for shareholder vote on significant transactions and related party transactions: FCA provides update on Listing Rule reforms
The FCA has provided an update on reforms to the Listing Rules proposed last year in its discussion paper DP22/2.
Read moreKey takeaways from the first year of the national security regime
The UK's new national security screening regime has now been in operation for over a year. This blog discusses the key takeaways from the first decisions to be made under the UK's new national security screening regime.
Read moreSpring Budget 2023 - Main Tax Announcements
This blog discusses some of the key tax changes announced in this week's Spring Budget.
Read moreSay on Climate resolutions
Institutional investors are increasingly calling on listed companies to put their climate transition plans to a shareholder vote in the form of Say on Climate resolutions at their Annual General Meetings.
Read moreChange in Control
As early as possible in a corporate transaction, you or one of your team should check the Financial Services Register (the "FCA Register"). The FCA Register will reveal whether or not the entity or one of the entities in the group you are purchasing is an Prudential Regulatory Authority ("PRA") and/or Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") authorised firm, the Buyer (and to a certain extent the Seller) will need to consider the Change in Control Regime under Part 12 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 ("FSMA").
Read moreEMI schemes and use of board discretion: new HMRC guidance
This blog looks at the recently published HMRC guidance addressing some of the more common types of board discretion in EMI schemes.
Read moreWhen is a director personally liable for a company's wrongs?
A recent Court of Appeal judgment considers when a director might be liable for wrongs committed by the company (including, specifically, by way of accessory liability).
Read moreMeaning of contractual duty of good faith
The Court of Appeal has taken a restrictive interpretation of an express duty of good faith in a decision handed down on 21 October 2022 - Re Compound Photonics Group Ltd; Faulkner v. Vollin Holdings Ltd [2022] EWCA Civ 1371. This decision is important as (i) the Court of Appeal judgment provides a lengthy examination of the meaning of a contractual duty of good faith, and (ii) the decision casts doubt on some previous case law on this point (including overturing the High Court's decision).
Read moreModel Articles deemed suitable for sole director companies
A recent decision of the High Court in Re Active Wear Limited [2022] EWHC 2340 (Ch) has suggested that the model articles for private companies are suitable for companies with a sole director appointed, in contrast to another recent decision of the High Court in Hashmi v Lorimer-Wing.
Read moreMini Budget 2022 - Main tax announcements
This blog discusses some of the key tax changes announced in last week's Autumn Statement.
Read moreLiability of principal for agent's breach of warranty and misrepresentation in a share purchase agreement
In the recent case of Ivy Technology Ltd v Martin [2022] EWHC 1218 (Comm) the Commercial Court considered a claim by Ivy Technology in its claims for breach of warranty and fraudulent misrepresentation against Barry Martin and Paul Bell. This case highlights the necessity for a purchaser to test the veracity of a seller's pre-contractual statements through a thorough due diligence process and to ensure that all parties relevant to the target business are party to the SPA.
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